Ghost hotels, digital twins, humanoid robots, Japanâs construction industry faces its paradoxes head-on, with AI, robots, and Digital Transformation (DX).
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Read more: Digital Transformation in Japan:Â From Abandoned Buildings to DX
1-First Dispatch from Japan
This article is the first in a series of ongoing reflections from Japan, a country I once called home for several decades and still return to frequently. Born in Greece, raised in Japan, and now based in the U.S., Iâve lived between many cultures, timelines, Shinkansen speeds, and temple stillness. These contrasts arenât just observationsâtheyâre accelerators. In our work, where we blend digital twins, AI, and human systems, such dissonance helps us think faster than AI and see patterns that machines miss. These stories aren’t just cultural postcards. Theyâre strategic lenses for solving complex, connected problems in a rapidly transforming world.
2-Temples and Abandoned Buildings
I traveled to Tokyo, Utsunomiya, Kinugawa Onsen, and Nikko the way one moves through Japanâs layered time machine, by monorail, bullet train, commuter line, and finally, a locomotive train winding through the mountains. Planes, trains, and robots carried me not just across geography, but through eras. That layered progression of transportation, each mode a window into a different era of Japanâs evolution, brought me to meet Ryota Ieiri, and what symbolizes how Japan continues to navigate between centuries every day.
Short video of Japanâs rail evolution, from steam to Shinkansen, to feel the old-new contrast that defines the nation. Video credit: Onuma https://vimeo.com/1092199022/a75601fc5c?share=copy
Just outside Nikko’s serene and sacred forests, I stared at a row of abandoned hotel buildings, monolithic relics of an economic burst that never quite found its second wind in Kinugawa Onsen. Their skeletal frames starkly contrasted with the centuries-old temples and shrines that still pulsed with spiritual life and reverence an hour away. With all its architectural paradoxes, Japan delivers a quiet but jarring message: permanence and impermanence coexist here more visibly than anywhere I’ve been.
This contrast framed my conversation on a recent visit. I sat with Ryota Ieiri, a long-time friend and Japan’s only Construction IT journalist, to discuss Japan’s accelerating push into Construction Digital Transformation, or what Japan calls âDX.â Throughout our conversation and his detailed slides, a story of necessity-driven innovation began to emerge.
3-Built to Crumble: Japanâs 30-Year Rule.
Ryota explained that the typical building lifespan in Japan is around 30 years. In the West, we often speak of structures lasting 100 years or more; in Japan, rebuilding is the norm, not the exception. This short cycle stems from multiple factors: seismic risks, material limitations, evolving regulations, and cultural preferences for newness. But it’s also part of Japan’s larger challenge: the demographic time bomb.
The Paradox of Permanence in Japan
Japan tears down buildings after 30 years, yet rebuilds temples every 20. On one side of the street: a crumbling apartment from the 1970s, forgotten. On the other hand, a centuries-old shrine, ritually reconstructed with precision and care.
This isnât a contradiction; itâs cultural logic. Shrines like Ise JingÅ« are rebuilt every 20 years as an act of continuity. But homes? Theyâre often viewed as temporary conveniences, not generational legacies. In cities, modern real estate is shaped by economic incentives and seismic safety. In sacred spaces, values of stewardship and ritual renewal persist.
Japan preserves what it deems sacred, but lets the mundane dissolve.
4-Too Few Hands, So Bring on the Bots
Japan’s working-age population is in freefall, and nowhere is this felt more acutely than in construction. Once resistant to foreign labor, Japan has shifted dramatically. Going through cities and the countryside, I noticed foreign workers speaking three languages and working in various industries like construction, hotels, retail, and convenience stores. These are jobs Japanese no longer want.
Meanwhile, the countryside is quietly emptying. Young people are relocating to modern city housing, leaving behind the rice paddies they once knew. Solar farms now overtake these fields, reshaping the rural landscape. A nation once defined by rice self-sufficiency and Shinto-rooted farming traditions now faces shortages. It feels like watching history unwrite itself, field by field.
5-OTA Station: From Zero Fighters to Zero Rice
Abandoned buildings and a roadside mini-altar in the foreground, with a Subaru Ota campus behind, juxtaposing past industry and present transformation. Photo credit: Onuma
During a rail journey toward the Akagi mountains, I passed through Ota in Gunma prefecture, home to the gleaming Subaru campus, a company whose roots trace back to the same factories that once built the infamous Zero Fighter planes of World War II. Once an industrial powerhouse surrounded by hard-working farming villages, the region presents another jarring contrast: rice paddies replaced by solar farms, and a younger generation that has long since migrated to Tokyo.
The Ota station area reflects a familiar pattern in cities outside Tokyo, Japan. Beside the sleek Subaru facility sits a scattering of abandoned buildings, shells of once-thriving shops and homes. Itâs suspended between eras: military engineering morphed into car manufacturing, and agriculture gave way to photovoltaics. One more story of a vibrant, productive landscape becoming eerily quiet.
With Japanâs current rice shortage, it is ironic how permanent solar panel structures have replaced vibrant farming communities busy transplanting rice seedlings into flooded paddies in late spring.
Young adults are not interested in manual labor and are moving to cities, as their farming parents have no choice but to change what they produce: energy. The shift is understandable in an energy-strapped world, but also reveals the high-stakes balance between sustainability, food security, and rural continuity. Should we feed machines and then humans, or vice versa? Hmm. Especially when considering the breakneck global race to build more data centers for power-hungry AI. These massive facilities are increasingly drawing energy away from other priorities. As Iâve inquired and written in the past, by not asking these questions, there may be a time we wake up serving the very systems we built to serve. The shift is understandable in an energy-strapped world, but also reveals the high-stakes balance between sustainability, food security, and rural continuity.
6-Superhuman, Not Superman: Japanâs Digital Transformation Arsenal
Of course, robotic rebar, digital twins, and AI scheduling arenât unique to Japan. What stands out is how Japan deploys these tools amid stark demographic shifts, cultural conservatism, and a deep-rooted respect for process. Ryotaâs slides didnât just showcase automationâthey revealed what he calls âsuperhumanization.â
EARTHBRAINâs tele-operated excavator exemplifies Japanâs remote-ready construction approach.
TomoRobo Robots lay out rebar, automatically detecting intersections, and binding rebar.
- AI tools that suggest optimal concrete pouring dates based on weather
- CG simulations of past construction accidents are used to train workers on what not to do
- RFID-tagged tools that sync with smartphones
These innovations are present-day Japan, a nation turning necessity into innovation.
7-Gundam-Style Construction
An interesting image in Ryota’s slide deck was a JR West robot. The Gundam-like worker is controlled using VR goggles and joystick levers. It embodies Ryotaâs thesis: augment the worker, donât replace them.
If there were ever a physical manifestation of an Automated Building, this is it. Since the 1970 Osaka Expo, Japan has shown the world what automation looks like, not just at the systems level, but embodied in building, as in this example of a railway Isuzu truck-robot used by JR West.
Image: JR West. Gundam-Style Construction Robot
8-Rise of the Machines: Robots on the Rails
Thereâs visual poetry in seeing a Gundam-like robot straddling a Japanese railway, not as fiction, but as public infrastructure. The multifunctional humanoid railway robot from JR West doesnât just amplify human motion; it symbolizes a more profound shift: Japanâs construction workforce isnât being replaced, itâs being extended. This mirrors themes I explored in an earlier post, Four Laws for Intelligent AI & Digital Twins, where digital systems, like robots, must act with contextual awareness, shared memory, and purpose.
These robots aren’t âtaking overâ; they fit into delicate cultural and logistical choreography. The tools operate with human-centered precision, from rebar-tying bots to digital twins that inspect concrete cracks. They augment, not overwrite, the legacy of craftsmanship that defines Japanese building culture.
9-AI, Swimming can be dangerous. But drowning is lethal.

I shared with Ryota how AI is part of my daily workflow with digital twins. I started with a raw idea, dialogued it with language models, then refined it manually and back again. He laughed and said his wife uses ChatGPT more than he does. Yet, despite these efficiencies, many Japanese companies still ban generative AI due to fears over data security. The irony isn’t lost: a nation prosperous in technological prowess sometimes slows itself down with institutional caution.
Swimming pools are common at Japanese elementary schools, not to produce Olympic athletes, but to teach basic survival. In a nation where natural disasters are frequent, students are trained to stay calm and act decisively if they find themselves in a sinking boat. Itâs a mindset rooted in preparation, not performance.
The same logic applies to AI. Around the world, not just in Japan, fear of AI misuse, loss of control, or accidental disclosure of trade secrets has led to widespread hesitation. But fear alone is not a strategy. Banning AI tools may feel safe, but it leaves organizations vulnerable, outpaced by those who learn to swim.
A better approach is to build sandboxes: safe, isolated environments where teams can test, learn, and understand how AI behaves. Structured experimentation cultivates readiness and confidence. One such example is BIMstorm AI, which lets users explore real-world applications of AI in a controlled, transparent setting.
Swimming can be dangerous. But drowning is lethal.
To the Japanese firms and international companies looking to make an impact in Japan: the time to act is now. Embrace a system-of-systems mindset, demand open standards, and leverage AI not just as a tool, but as a collaborative force. Letâs work together to build a future where Japan keeps pace with the rest of the world and leads it.
This is particularly relevant as China is moving fast with AI. The potential to pair AI with the DX movement can boost Japanâs technological standing. It is not just about tools but governance, process, and mindset. ISO-like systems are being introduced to align effort with outcome. Hours worked are being replaced by value delivered. Old metrics are giving way to modern asset management.
10-Digital Twins That Work Overtime
Obayashi Construction uses a digital twin app that enables live coordination and documentation from remote locations.
One of the most compelling strategies in Ryota’s vision is using digital twins. He showed me a real-time model of the construction site, accessible from anywhere, that reduced travel and shortened decision-making. Notes, safety issues, and updates are embedded in the virtual site, not just pinned to a corkboard.
Part of the driving force behind Japan’s DX push, especially from the government, is eliminating the overtime and inefficiency culture that has long defined parts of the construction sector. This shift is particularly striking coming from Japanâs Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, not just letting DX happen by accident, but naming this cultural and operational reset as a deliberate goal. The government finds it necessary to articulate these objectives now, or risk drifting into a future where AI and automation take over the rhythms of human life, rather than enhancing them. By digitizing inspections, status updates, and collaborative tasks, tools like digital twins are designed not just for visibility but for liberation. The goal isnât just to build better or cheaper, itâs to go home from a day’s work at a reasonable time.
This digital reflection of the physical world isn’t just convenient, it’s essential in a world where fewer people are onsite, more work is distributed, and decision velocity matters. This push to be more efficientâand to go home earlierâshould resonate with anyone worldwide. We donât want to be controlled by our new AI-powered digital twin masters. Instead, the promise is that these tools serve us, not vice versa. They liberate human time and attention rather than consume it if done right.
11-Caution: May Contain Wisdom or From Collapse to Context
The abandoned buildings at Kinugawa Onsen, a once-thriving hot springs destination near Nikko, arenât just an eyesore; they’re a cautionary tale. Without adaptive reuse, responsive systems, and real-time data, we build for obsolescence. By contrast, the shrines and temples of Nikko embody a different kind of permanence, one built on intentional renewal. Many have been ritually rebuilt over the centuries after fires, earthquakes, or simply through cyclical reconstruction. Their continuity is not in unbroken stone, but in generational stewardship, choosing, again and again, to renew what matters.
Japan’s construction DX efforts, from tele-operated machines to AI-suggested schedules, are not just technological upgrades. They’re the seeds of a new stewardship model that recognizes both human labor’s limits and shared context’s limitless potential.
We’re not just building structures anymore. We’re building conversations, systems, and resilience. And Japan, in its own quiet, determined way, is leading by example.
I found the Three Wise Monkeys of Nikko â See no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil, a cultural echo reminding me that observation, listening, and thoughtful response remain timeless principles, even in an era of automation and AI.
12-Acknowledgments
In the land of permanence and impermanence, the durable structures are the ones we co-create between humans, machines, and memory.
Special thanks to Ryota Ieiri for generously sharing his time, insights, and access to his Construction DX presentation materials. Our in-person conversation brought depth and perspective to this evolving story, and the accompanying slides helped illustrate how Japan’s construction industry is responding to extraordinary pressures with creativity and resolve.
Construction IT Journalist Ryota Ieiri
Facebook: ieirilab
Twitter: ieiri_lab
The listed authors and companies created all photos and videos in this article.
Photo: Ryota and I during the interview, May 2025
LinkedIn: Ryota Ieiri is also a pilot!
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Intermission: And Now, a Word from Our (AI) SponsorsâŠ
Before we switch over to Japanese (give the AI a few seconds to catch up and translate), please enjoy this brief commercial interruption, a random, AI-and-human-generated video set in Tokyo, featuring giant robots dancing in front of what looks like Tokyo Station.
Itâs a chaotic little tribute to Japanâs real digital transformation. And yes, all the robots somehow ended up looking more like Gundam than temple guardians. Thatâs AI for you.
The opening includes a few actual video clips on the ground and in the air, real Tokyo, real people. But the robots? Pure AI hallucination, stitched together with a bit of curiosity and mischief. This unexpected video cameo is proof of how AI snuck into the making of this story, sometimes helpful, sometimes unpredictable, always entertaining.
As we return to our regularly scheduled article, now in Japanese, a quick apology to my Japanese readers for any odd translations that follow. Blame the bots. Theyâre still in training, and they need all of us to help them learn.
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